![]() ![]() We explored the relationship between development and risk exposure by modelling the relationship between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and risk-weighted exposure prevalence and estimated expected levels of exposure and risk-attributable burden by SDI. ![]() Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from 46 749 randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. This study included 476 risk–outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We used the CRA framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or groups of risks from 1990 to 2017. The Lancet Regional Health – Western Pacific.The Lancet Regional Health – Southeast Asia. ![]() The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology. ![]()
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